On January 15,2022, at 12:27 China Standard Time, the undersea volcano in Tonga erupted, sending a large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere. After the eruption, data from the TROPOMI and OMI satellites were obtained by the Space Information Research Center of the National Institute for Natural Disaster Control and prevention, the atmospheric boundary layer height (PBL, about 1 km) , low troposphere height (TRL, 3 km) , middle troposphere (TRM, 8 km) , upper troposphere (TRU, 13 km) and low stratosphere (STL, 18 km) SO2 concentrations and the distribution of surface temperature in the volcanic active region are tracked dynamically.

Tropomi satellite SO2 vertical column monitoring results (Figure 1) rough estimate of the Tonga volcanic eruption So2 dynamic diffusion range of thousands of kilometers, and at the speed of thousands of kilometers per day westward drift, over the pacific-australia-indian ocean-africa-atlantic, SO2 split in two over the Indian Ocean, remained in the atmosphere for half a month, and finally dissipated in the Atlantic.